Fibroid Embolization

What is Fibroid Embolization?

Fibroid Embolization, also known as Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat uterine fibroids. This technique involves blocking the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink and relieving symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and pressure. UFE is a safe and effective alternative to surgical procedures like hysterectomy.

Key Features of Fibroid Embolization

Minimally invasive procedure performed under local anesthesia
Targets the fibroids directly without affecting surrounding tissues
Effective in reducing fibroid size and alleviating symptoms
Preserves the uterus, making it an option for women wanting to avoid surgery

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids can cause a range of symptoms, which may improve with embolization:

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation or bloating
Pain during intercourse
Enlarged or distended abdomen

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but contributing factors include:

Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone promote fibroid growth
Genetic Factors: Family history of fibroids increases risk
Age: More common in women aged 30-50
Obesity: Increased body weight may elevate hormone levels
Ethnicity: Higher prevalence in African American women

How is Fibroid Embolization Performed?

The procedure is typically performed by an interventional radiologist:

Access: A small catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin or wrist.
Navigation: Using imaging guidance, the catheter is guided to the uterine arteries.
Embolic Agents: Tiny particles are injected to block the blood supply to the fibroids.
Confirmation: Imaging ensures the blood flow to the fibroids has been successfully stopped.

Benefits of Fibroid Embolization

Uterine Fibroid Embolization provides several advantages:

Reduces fibroid size and associated symptoms
Short recovery time compared to surgery
Preserves the uterus for women who prefer non-surgical options
Minimal scarring and lower risk of complications
Can improve fertility outcomes in some cases

Risks and Potential Complications

While generally safe, potential risks include:

Mild pain or cramping after the procedure
Nausea or fever as part of post-embolization syndrome
Infection, which is rare and treatable with antibiotics
Premature menopause in rare cases due to reduced ovarian blood flow
Temporary changes in menstrual cycles

Recovery and Long-Term Management

Recovery from UFE is typically quick, with most women resuming normal activities within a few days:

Light activity and rest are recommended during the first week
Pain management with over-the-counter or prescribed medications
Follow-up imaging to monitor fibroid shrinkage and symptom improvement
Healthy lifestyle changes, including regular exercise and a balanced diet

Most women experience significant symptom relief and an improved quality of life after fibroid embolization.